ABSTRACT Background: New-onset chronic pain has been acknowledged as part of the post-COVID-19 condition. However, available fine-grained data about its clinical phenotype, trajectories and main associated characteristics remain scarce. We described the distinct temporal evolutions of post-COVID-19 pain and their epidemiological and phenotypical features. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study enrolled post-COVID-19 condition patients (i.e. who had persisting COVID-19-related symptoms over 30 days since their first positive laboratory test), whose COVID-19 diagnosis had been supported by RT-PCR of oral/nasopharyngeal swab or serology. They underwent in-person evaluations with a structured interview, pain and quality-of-life-related questionnaires and thorough physical examination. Chronic pain (CP) and probable neuropathic pain (NP) were defined according to IASP criteria. Results: The present study included 226 individuals, 177 (78.3 %) of whom presented over 3 months since their first COVID-19 symptom. New-onset pain occurred in 170 (75.2 %) participants and was chronic in 116 (68.2 %). A chronic course was associated with COVID-19-related hospitalization, new-onset fatigue, lower cognitive performance, motor and thermal sensory deficits, mood and sleep impairments and overall lower quality-of-life levels. Probable NP occurred in only 7.6 % new-onset pain patients, and was associated with pain chronification, new-onset fatigue, motor and thermal sensory deficits, mechanical allodynia and lower rates of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Previous CP was reported by 86 (38.1 %) individuals and had aggravated after the infection in 66 (76.7 %) of them, which was associated with orthostatic hypotension. Conclusions: Post-COVID pain phenomena follow different paths, which are associated with specific clinical and epidemiological features, and possibly distinct underlying mechanisms, prognostic and therapeutic implications. Significance: COVID-19-related pain usually follows a chronic course and is non-neuropathic. Its possible courses and phenotypes are associated with distinct clinical and epidemiological features. This suggests differing underlying mechnisms, which may have significant prognostic and therapeutic implications.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: El dolor crónico de nueva aparición se considera que forma parte de la condición o afección post-COVID-19. Sin embargo, los datos detallados existentes sobre el fenotipo clínico, las trayectorias y las principales características asociadas siguen siendo escasos. Describimos las distintas evoluciones temporales del dolor post-COVID-19 y sus rasgos epidemiológicos y fenotípicos. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo y transversal de pacientes con afección post-COVID-19 (es decir, con síntomas persistentes relacionados con la COVID-19 durante 30 días desde la primera prueba positiva de laboratorio) cuyo diagnóstico de COVID-19 estuviera basado en la RT-PCR de un frotis oral/nasofaríngeo o una serología. Se sometieron a evaluaciones presenciales mediante una entrevista estructurada, cuestionarios de dolor y calidad de vida y una exploración física exhaustiva. El dolor crónico (DC) y el dolor neuropático (DN) probablemente se definieron conforme a los criterios IASP. Resultados: El presente estudio incluyó 226 individuos, 177 (78,3 %) de los cuales se presentaron pasados más de 3 meses desde el primer síntoma de COVID-19. Tenían dolor de nueva aparición 170 (75,2 %) de los participantes y dolor crónico 116 (68,2 %). El curso crónico se asociaba a hospitalización por COVID-19, fatiga de nueva aparición, menor rendimiento cognitivo, déficits motores y sensitivos térmicos, alteraciones del ánimo y el sueño, y niveles generalmente inferiores de calidad de vida. El DN probable afectaba a solo el 7,6 % de los pacientes con dolor de nueva aparición y se asociaba a cronificación del dolor, fatiga de nueva aparición, déficits motores y de sensación térmica, alodinia mecánica y tasas menores de vacunación frente al SARS-CoV-2. Referían DC previo 86 (38,1 %) individuos, y este había empeorado tras la infección en 66 (76,7 %) de ellos, lo que se asociaba a hipotensión ortostática. Conclusiones: Los fenómenos dolorosos post-COVID siguen diferentes trayectorias que se asocian a rasgos clínicos y epidemiológicos específicos, y posiblemente a distintos mecanismos de base y diferentes implicaciones pronósticas y terapéuticas. Significado: El dolor relacionado con la COVID-19 sigue normalmente un curso crónico y no es neuropático. Los posibles cursos y fenotipos se asocian a rasgos clínicos y epidemiológicos distintos. Esto sugiere que los mecanismos de base difieren, lo que podría tener implicaciones pronósticas y terapéuticas importantes.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological variables of the cultivar Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw in the first cycle and in the regrowth, under different frequencies of drip irrigation, cultivated in the Agreste da Paraíba mesoregion. Therefore, a randomized block design was used, with 2 treatments (irrigation frequencies) and 4 replications (blocks), with each treatment repeated 3 times within the block (triplicate) totaling 24 experimental plots. For physiological variables, data were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means compared by t test at 5% probability using SAS ® (2002). The present study shows that the stress of environmental conditions had a greater impact on the frequency of irrigation every 28 days, since the forage cactus irrigated every 7 days had the highest internal concentration of CO2; CO2 absorption rate; instant efficiency in water use; intrinsic efficiency of water use; instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, both in the first cycle and in the regrowth period. Respiratory rate and stomatal conductance did not differ between irrigation frequencies for both cycles, showing the good adaptation of the cultivar to the semiarid region.

A fast, sensitive, and selective direct injection electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (DI ESI MS/MS) method that is able to quantify ethyl carbamate in commercial sweetened sugar cane spirit is described. The preparation method uses a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) with potassium carbonate added to sweetened sugar cane spirit to separate the aqueous phase from the ethanol phase. The aqueous phase contains sucrose that suppresses electrospray ionization. Ethyl carbamate supernatant from the ethanol phase is transferred and enriched with 18-crown-6/trifluoroacetic acid additives. The additives sequester metal cations reducing the ionization of sodium and potassium, favoring the detection of ethyl carbamate as sole protonated cations. The method was successfully applied for the quantification of eleven real samples and certified sugar cane spirit demonstrating its applicability for quality control and regulatory analysis. The method showed reliable analytical parameters compared to conventional gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method commonly used for ethyl carbamate analysis. DI-ESI-MS/MS method requires just a fast step sample clean up and presents consistent values for the limit of detection (LOD 48.0 μg L-1) and limit of quantification (LOQ 160.0 μg L-1). Furthermore, the recoveries obtained were close to 100%, with relative standard deviations below 10% of sample certificates.

ABSTRACT Based on the temperature and humidity index, for quails from the 3rd to the 5th week of life, in the dry period in Paraíba state, Brazil, the objective was to carry out a bioclimatic zoning, identifying as regions suitable for the reproduction of quails and, when necessary, mitigating measures for greater animal comfort. The bioclimatic zoning was carried out for the mesoregions of the state, the climatic data used are from meteorological stations in the period from 1961 - 2015, from them maps were elaborated with the spatial distribution of the index, identifying as regions with ideal thermal comfort conditions for the animals. For quails in the third week, the Agreste mesoregion presents the best situation in the dry season, not requiring corrective measures to maintain the comfort of these animals. In the fourth week of life of the quails, the mesoregions that would provide THI values within the ZCT in the dry period would be the Zona da Mata paraibana and Sertão, while the ZCT for quails in the fifth week of life, could be found throughout the state of Paraíba.

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to carry out bioclimatic zoning based on the historical series of climatic variables such as air temperature, maximum, minimum and relative humidity collected in six conventional meteorological stations in the state of Paraíba, Brazil and from this to determine whether or not the animals are in thermal comfort by comparing with the results obtained in scientific research in each mesoregion in the rainy and dry periods. Then based on this the comfort conditions for small ruminants in the rainy and dry seasons of the mesoregions of Paraíba were observed using data from the literature, and demonstrated in spatial distribution maps. The variables air temperatures, maximum and minimum and relative humidity varied throughout the state for the rainy season between 22 to 27, 18 to 21, 25 to 31ºC and 64 to 82%, respectively, and in dry season is 23 to 27, 28 to 35, 19 to 23ºC and 49 to 76%, respectively. However, it is concluded that raising sheep and goats is viable in all mesoregions of the state of Paraíba in both periods.

RESUMO. A capacidade de repetir palavras é quase sempre preservada na afasia talâmica. A fisiopatologia da afasia talâmica assim como a da preservação da repetição não são totalmente compreendidas. Em um caso de afasia grave com repetição preservada após hemorragia talâmica esquerda, a RM revelou lesão talâmica esquerda e perda de anisotropia fracionada no centro semioval. O FDG-PET revelou hipometabolismo grave no hemisfério cerebral esquerdo, exceto nos giros temporais superiores e transversos, fissura calcarina e regiões frontopares. A função sensorial primária pode ser menos funcionalmente dependente das conexões talâmicas do que as áreas heteromodais e paralímbicas, que têm conexões com vários núcleos talâmicos. O hipometabolismo cortical extenso devido à diasquise pode ter sido responsável pela gravidade da afasia, enquanto a redução menos severa do metabolismo nos giros temporal superior e transverso, e também, embora menos evidente, na área de Broca, poderia explicar a preservação da repetição.

ABSTRACT. The ability to repeat words is almost always preserved in thalamic aphasia. The pathophysiology of both thalamic aphasia and preservation of repetition are not fully understood. In a case of severe aphasia with preserved repetition after a left thalamic hemorrhage, MRI disclosed left thalamic lesion and loss of fractional anisotropy in the left centrum semiovale. FDG-PET showed severe hypometabolism in the left cerebral hemisphere, except for superior and transverse temporal gyri, calcarine fissure and frontopolar regions. Primary sensory function may be less functionally dependent on thalamic connections than heteromodal and paralimbic areas, which have connections with several thalamic nuclei. The extensive cortical hypometabolism due to diaschisis may have been responsible for the severity of the aphasia, whereas the less severe reduction of metabolism in the superior and transverse temporal gyri, and also, albeit less evident, in Broca’s area, might explain the preservation of repetition.

Resumo Uma das atividades mais procuradas por idosos é a dança, mas o significado de dançar nessa idade ainda precisa ser desvelado. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar memórias e significados que a prática da dança ao longo da vida trouxe a seus praticantes. Entrevistamos idosos que dançam em média há 57 anos. Para construir as memórias utilizamos a técnica da História Oral e para extrair significados de dançar utilizamos os pressupostos da Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano. Os temas que emergiram das entrevistas foram: dança como hábito de vida; caminhos percorridos para aprender a dançar; motivos relacionados à prática da dança e significados de dançar. Eles começaram a dançar pela influência de familiares e amigos, continuam a dançar e preferem evocar apenas boas lembranças. Dançando modificaram e foram modificados pelos diferentes ambientes. Dançar constituiu-se em possibilidade de resiliência, que alimenta a própria possibilidade de dançar e acrescenta vontade de viver.

Abstract One of the activities most often sought by the elderly is dancing. However, the meaning of dancing at that age remains to be examined. This study aimed at identifying memories and meanings brought by dancing to its practitioners throughout their lives. We interviewed elderly people who have danced for 57 years on average. For eliciting those memories, we used the Oral History technique; for extracting the meanings of dancing we used assumptions from Bioecological Theory of Human Development. The themes that emerged from the interviews were: Dancing as a life habit; Pathways travelled for learning how to dance; Reasons to practice dance; and the Meanings of dancing. They started to dance influenced by family and friends; now they keep dancing and they prefer evoking only good memories. By dancing they changed and were changed by the different environments. Dancing is a possibility for resilience, which drives the very possibility of dancing and adds will to live.

Resumen Una de las actividades más buscadas por ancianos es la danza, pero el significado de bailar a esa edad todavía necesita ser desvelado. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar memorias y significados que la práctica del baile a lo largo de la vida trajo a sus practicantes. Entrevistamos ancianos que bailan, en media, hace 57 años. Para construir las memorias utilizamos la técnica de la Historia Oral, y para extraer significados de bailar utilizamos los argumentos de la Teoría Bioecológica del Desarrollo Humano. Los temas que se emergieron en las entrevistas fueron: baile como hábito de vida; caminos recorridos para aprender a bailar; motivos relacionados con la práctica del baile y significados de bailar. Ellos empezaron a bailar por la influencia de familiares y amigos, siguen bailando y prefieren evocar solo buenos recuerdos. Bailando modificaron y fueron modificados por los diferentes ambientes. El baile se costituyó en una posibilidad de resiliencia, que alimenta la propia posibilidad de bailar y aumenta la voluntad de vivir.

Os tratamentos tópicos ganharam popularidade para uso geral como um adjuvante de medicamentos sistêmicos na dor neuropática, mas seu uso produz resultados clínicos variáveis e eventos adversos locais. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito de segurança e analgesia de uma formulação de capsaicina lipossomal (LC) (0,025%) em pacientes com neuralgia pós-herpética. Método Os pacientes que permaneceram sintomáticos após tratamento de primeira e de segunda linha foram randomizados para receber LC durante seis semanas em um estudo cruzado controlado por placebo. A avaliação clínica foi realizada no início do estudo, na segunda, quarta e sexta semana de tratamento. Resultados Treze pacientes completaram dois períodos de tratamento. Escala Visual Analógica diminuiu significativamente após o final do estudo (p = 0,008), no entanto, o efeito do tratamento não era significativo (p = 0,076). Não houve diferença na impressão global de mudança e de outras características da dor. LC foi segura e bem tolerada. No entanto, para a concentração utilizada, os seus efeitos analgésicos foram marginais e não significativos.

Topical treatments have gained popularity for general use as an adjunct to systemic drugs in neuropathic pain, but their use produces variable clinical results and local adverse events. Objective To evaluate the safety and analgesic effect of a formulation of liposomal capsaicin (LC) (0.025%) in patients with post herpetic neuralgia (PHN). Method Patients who remained symptomatic after first-and second-line treatment were randomized to receive LC for six weeks in a placebo-controlled, crossover design study. Clinical assessment was performed at baseline, in the second, fourth and sixth week of treatment. Results Thirteen patients completed both treatment periods. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was significantly decreased after the end of the study (p = 0.008), however the effect of treatment was not significant (p = 0.076). There was no difference on global impression of change and other pain characteristics. LC was safe and well tolerated. However, at the concentration used, its analgesic effects were marginal and not significant.

Este estudo objetivou caracterizar o perfil de morbidade referida por usuários das equipes de saúde da família na macrorregião nordeste de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional, desenvolvido junto às equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), com uso de questionários semiestruturados adaptados para três categorias profissionais das equipes de saúde da família: médicos, enfermeiros e agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS). Utilizou-se a Classificação Internacional da Atenção Primária, segunda edição (CIAP 2), para codificação da morbidade referida. Foram coletadas informações de 17.988 pessoas, em 204 equipes da ESF, sendo 10.855 (60,3%) do sexo feminino; 1.662 (9,2%) questionários foram referentes ao atendimento do médico, 2.530 (14,1%) do enfermeiro e 13.796 (76,7%) corresponderam aos encontros com ACS. Os principais problemas de saúde foram: doenças do aparelho circulatório (especialmente hipertensão), queixas musculoesqueléticas (especialmente as lombalgias) e doenças do aparelho digestório (especialmente as parasitoses intestinais), que juntas responderam por mais de 40% das consultas médicas. As queixas inespecíficas e atendimentos relacionados à saúde da mulher foram prevalentes nos atendimentos de enfermeiros. Os ACS registraram mais as queixas referentes a problemas respiratórios, musculoesqueléticos e cardiovasculares. O perfil de morbidade observado não difere substancialmente de outros estudos, com pequenas diferenças que podem ser atribuídas às particularidades regionais.

This study aimed to characterize the profile of morbidity among users of family health teams in the northeastern macroregion of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional population-based study, developed with the teams of the Family Health Strategy (FHS). It was conducted by data collection, using semi-structured questionnaires with specific instruments adjusted for three categories of professional teams of the FHS: physicians, nurses and community health agents (CHA). We used the International Classification of Primary Care, second edition (ICPC-2) to encode morbidity. Information was collected from 17,988 people, and 10,855 (60.3%) were females; 1,662 (9.2%) questionnaires were related to care by the physician; 2,530 (14.1%) were related to care by nurses and 13,796 (76.7%) corresponded to visits by and meetings with the CHA. The main health problems were: circulatory diseases (especially hypertension), musculoskeletal problems (especially back pain) and diseases of the digestive tract (especially intestinal parasites), which accounted for more than 40% of the medical consultations. Nonspecific complaints and visits related to women's health were the most prevalent in the care by nurses. In meetings with CHA, complaints about respiratory, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular diseases were the most pointed. The morbidity profile observed does not differ substantially from the results of other studies. Small differences can be attributed to regional particularities.

Este estudo objetivou caracterizar o perfil de morbidade referida por usuários das equipes de saúde da família na macrorregião nordeste de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional, desenvolvido junto às equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), com uso de questionários semiestruturados adaptados para três categorias profissionais das equipes de saúde da família: médicos, enfermeiros e agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS). Utilizou-se a Classificação Internacional da Atenção Primária, segunda edição (CIAP 2), para codificação da morbidade referida. Foram coletadas informações de 17.988 pessoas, em 204 equipes da ESF, sendo 10.855 (60,3%) do sexo feminino; 1.662 (9,2%) questionários foram referentes ao atendimento do médico, 2.530 (14,1%) do enfermeiro e 13.796 (76,7%) corresponderam aos encontros com ACS. Os principais problemas de saúde foram: doenças do aparelho circulatório (especialmente hipertensão), queixas musculoesqueléticas (especialmente as lombalgias) e doenças do aparelho digestório (especialmente as parasitoses intestinais), que juntas responderam por mais de 40% das consultas médicas. As queixas inespecíficas e atendimentos relacionados à saúde da mulher foram prevalentes nos atendimentos de enfermeiros. Os ACS registraram mais as queixas referentes a problemas respiratórios, musculoesqueléticos e cardiovasculares. O perfil de morbidade observado não difere substancialmente de outros estudos, com pequenas diferenças que podem ser atribuídas às particularidades regionais.

This study aimed to characterize the profile of morbidity among users of family health teams in the northeastern macroregion of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional population-based study, developed with the teams of the Family Health Strategy (FHS). It was conducted by data collection, using semi-structured questionnaires with specific instruments adjusted for three categories of professional teams of the FHS: physicians, nurses and community health agents (CHA). We used the International Classification of Primary Care, second edition (ICPC-2) to encode morbidity. Information was collected from 17,988 people, and 10,855 (60.3%) were females; 1,662 (9.2%) questionnaires were related to care by the physician; 2,530 (14.1%) were related to care by nurses and 13,796 (76.7%) corresponded to visits by and meetings with the CHA. The main health problems were: circulatory diseases (especially hypertension), musculoskeletal problems (especially back pain) and diseases of the digestive tract (especially intestinal parasites), which accounted for more than 40% of the medical consultations. Nonspecific complaints and visits related to women's health were the most prevalent in the care by nurses. In meetings with CHA, complaints about respiratory, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular diseases were the most pointed. The morbidity profile observed does not differ substantially from the results of other studies. Small differences can be attributed to regional particularities.

A saúde dos trabalhadores da atenção primária ainda é pouco estudada no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o padrão de morbidade autorreferida por trabalhadores de Equipes de Saúde da Família (ESF) na macrorregião nordeste de Minas Gerais. Realizou-se estudo transversal, com questionários autoaplicáveis, contendo dados sociodemográficos, condições de trabalho e de saúde para todos os trabalhadores das ESF. A morbidade autorreferida foi considerada a partir da Classificação Internacional de Cuidados Primários, versão 2. Foram coletadas informações de 1.731 trabalhadores em 204 unidades básicas de saúde. O grupo foi formado predominantemente por agentes comunitários de saúde, do gênero feminino. A prevalência de pelo menos um problema de saúde foi de 26,1% para mulheres e 18,3% para homens. Os principais problemas de saúde foram relacionadas aos sistemas circulatório, músculo-esquelético, respiratório, endócrino-metabólico e nervoso. As variáveis associadas a problemas de saúde, após a análise múltipla, foram sexo feminino, idade de 30 anos ou mais e tempo na equipe igual ou superior a 5 anos. A morbidade referida pelos trabalhadores da ESF mostrou-se semelhante à observada para a população em geral, destacando a necessidade de estratégias de promoção da saúde também para esses trabalhadores.

The health of primary care workers is still a poorly addressed area of study in Brazil. The scope of this study was to describe the standard of self-reported morbidity by workers in Family Health Teams (FHT) in the northeastern macro-region of the state of Minas Gerais. A cross-sectional study was conducted with self-applied questionnaires, including socio-demographical data, labor and health conditions, among all workers in FHT. Self-reported morbidity was categorized based on the International Classification of Primary Care, version 2. Information was collected from 1,731 workers in 204 primary health care units. The group was predominantly comprised of female community health workers. The prevalence of at least one health problem was 26.1% for women and 18.3% for men. The main health problems were related to circulatory, musculoskeletal, respiratory, endocrine-metabolic and nervous systems. After multiple analysis, the variables associated with health problems were related to being female, aged 30 years or more and being on the team for 5 years or longer. The morbidity reported by the FHT workers is similar to that observed for the population in general, highlighting the need for strategies to promote the health of these workers as well.

The objective of this research is to identify the component of trade that results specifically from bilateral relations and evaluate how the creation of trading blocs affects trade relations between countries. The trirapport coefficient of the relative intensity of bilateral agricultural sector trade flows between Brazil and other countries from 1984 and 1998 is used in the evaluation. In general, the results show that relative trade intensity between Brazil and its non-MERCOSUL trade partners fell after their entry into regional trade agreements (extra-bloc effect). The intra-bloc effect (trade expansion) is reflected by changes in trade intensity between Brazil and the other MERCOSUL members and changes in trade intensity between NAFTA members Mexico, Canada, and the United States.